Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production (mainly methane and nitrous oxide) is crucial for achieving international mitigation targets. Many studies have shown that agriculture indeed has large potential for effective emissions reduction. However, quite some uncertainty remains as to the exact reduction potential of single mitigation measures in crop production and livestock farming. This is partly due to the fact that agriculture is dependent on natural conditions and there can be many (sometimes not foreseeable) interactions within the ecosystems involved. Some mitigation measures can also lead to a conflict of different policy goals, e.g. in terms of other pollutants or animal welfare. Moreover, there is large heterogeneity of mitigation costs and reduction potential of single farms and consequently of farmers’ adoption of measures. Here is where my doctoral thesis in the Agricultural Economics and Policy Group (AECP) at ETH Zurich comes in.